Shell Roofs

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	*National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering* *University of California, Berkeley*


	The following are a few shell roofs of various factory buildings and swimming halls selected from the large number that have been designed by Leonhardt, Andrä and Partners.



	H93. Inside view.

SHED SHELLS FOR WOOL BLANKET FACTORY ZOEPPRITZ AT MERGELSTETTEN
(1953)

The advantage of shed shells is that they provide good daylight and thereby a clear and friendly atmosphere. Hence, they are often used for textile factories.
According to local conditions, shed shells may be cast in place or prefabricated of reinforced or prestressed concrete. They are an appropriate solution for large spans; if combined with intermediate box girders, which serve for air conditioning, very large halls may be built without intermediate columns.
The sheds of the wool blanket factory have two spans of 48 meter, a width of 7.5 meters and a depth of 3.2 meters. They were the first prestressed concrete shells of this type.

Design.

Ref: Leonhardt, F.: Prestressed Concrete. Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst und Sohn, Berlin, 1963, p. 583.



		H94. Overall view.

SWIMMING HALL AT WUPPERTAL
(1954-56)

Hanging roof with a free span of 65 meters, spanning across the pool and the grandstands.
The roof consists of:

two layers of asphaltic cardboard
a 7-cm thick thermal insulation
a 5.7-cm thick concrete skin, supported by prestressing bars 26-mm diameter at 65 cm centers.

The rebars are anchored at the top of the steep grandstands, thus counteracting the grandstands’ dead weight.
Due to its refined architecture, the Swimming Hall is nicknamed the “Swimming Opera”.

Conceptual and structural design.

References:

“Das Stadtbad Wuppertal (The Municipal Swimming Hall at Wuppertal)”

Hetzelt, F.: “Planung, Entwurf, Gestaltung, Baukosten (Planning, Design and Construction Costs),” Der Bauingenieur 32 (1957), pp 344-348.

Leonhardt, F. and Andrä, W.: “Entwurf eines Leichtbeton-Hängedachs und technische Überlegungen (Design of a Lightweight Concrete Hanging Roof and Technical Considerations),” Der Bauingenieur 32 (1957), pp 349-353.

Eulitz, H.-J.: “Entwurf und Ausfuhrung des vorgespannten Hängedachs (Design and Construction of the Prestressed Hanging Roof),” Der Bauingenieur 32 (1957), pp 353-359.



	H95. Overall view.

SWIMMING HALL AT HAMBURG
(1956-59)

The roof of the Swimming Hall “Sechslingspforte” at Hamburg is one of the largest shell structures of its kind in the world, covering an area of 4300 square meters.
Supported at only three points at distances up to 95 meters, the hyperbolic prestressed concrete shell is only 8 cm thick with the exception of the edge beams, which have a cantilever length of approximately 54 meters.

Preliminary and final structural design.

Ref: Leonhardt, F. and Schlaich, J.: “Das Hyparschalendach des Hallenbades Hamburg Sechslingspforte. Teil I: Entwurf und Tragverhalten (The Roof of Hypar Shells of the Swimming Hall Sechslingpforte at Hamburg. Part I: Design and Load Carrying Behavior).” Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 65 (1970). pp 207-214.


	The University of California, Berkeley Copyright 1997, The Regents of the University of California. Structural Engineering Slide Library, W. G. Godden, Editor Set H: Structures of Leonhardt, Andrä and Partners