Hydraulic and Subsoil Structures


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	*National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering* *University of California, Berkeley*

The following are some examples of hydraulic and subsoil structures designed by Leonhardt, Andrä and Partners:

PUMP-STORAGE HYDROPOWER PLANT “GLEMS”
(1961)



		H111. Layout: Longitudinal section (above), and cross-section (below).


	Powerhouse combined with a dam, overall dimensions 78.5 x 36.6 x 30.4 meters, thickness of foundation 5 to 10 meters and of rear wall 2 to 7 meters. The entire structure is without any joint and has a three-dimensional prestress of 0.8 to 1.0 MN per square meters. Model tests and measurements demonstrated that only about 18% of the longitudinal and transverse prestress are taken by the subsoil (clay slate). The rear wall is without sealing. But although pool elevation varies daily by approximately 10 meters and although local temperatures range from -25° to 35°C, no leakage has been observed.

Design.

Ref: Leonhardt, F.: “Massige, grosse Betontragwerke ohne schlaffe Bewehrung, gesichert durch mässige Vorspannung (Massive Concrete Structures without Reinforcement, Secured by Moderate Prestressing),” Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 68 (1973), pp 128-133.



		H112. Part of the bore pile wall in the region of maximum depth.

BORE PILE WALL “ALLIANZ”, STUTTGART
(1970)

Excavation lining of overlapping pile walls, supported by permanent soil anchors. Plan area of excavation is approximately 90 x 90 meters, wall depth up to 30 meters.
First large-scale application of permanent soil anchors in the clay of the Stuttgart area. Numerous basic tests had to be undertaken to develop safe anchors.

Preliminary and final design.

Ref: Andrä, W., Kunzl, W. and Rojek, R.: “Bohrpfalwand für die Allianz-Neubauten in Stuttgart - Entwurf und Messungen (Bore Pile Wall for the “Allianz” Buildings at Stuttgart - Design and Control Measurements),” Die Bautechnik 50 (1973), pp 258-264.



		H113. General Layout.

RHINE BARRAGE AT KEHL/STRASSBURG
(1979)

Barrage for regulation of the Rhine River and ground water, consisting of two sections, each 56 x 120 meters.
The massive concrete structure was built almost without reinforcement and without joints by applying moderate prestressing. Special arrangements were developed to avoid temperature cracks due to heat of hydration before prestressing.


	H114. First barrage section completed.

Alternate proposal for a design and construction competition. Final design.

Ref: Gaiser, H.: “Die Anwendung mässiger Vorspannung beim Kulturwehr Kehl/Strassburg (The Application of Moderate Prestressing at the River Barrage Kehl/Strassburg),” Vorträge Deutscher Betontag 1979, pp 389-397.



		H115. Tunnel under construction.

UNIVERSITY TUNNEL, DÜSSELDORF
(1980)

Underground section of the City Autobahn (Slide A46), approximately 1030 meters long, near Düsseldorf University. At one end, the closed section continues as an open section some 140 meters in length.
Maximum excavation depth is approximately 12 meters.
Structural problems result from, for example, the high ground-water level caused by the nearby Rhine River. Realistic analysis of internal forces by considering the elastic support of the systems at the ends of the tunnel.


	Final design.


	The University of California, Berkeley Copyright 1997, The Regents of the University of California. Structural Engineering Slide Library, W. G. Godden, Editor Set H: Structures of Leonhardt, Andrä and Partners