Shells of reinforced or prestressed concrete are used in a variety of forms -- sheds, hyperbolic paraboloids, hypar shells -- for very different buildings such as factories, indoor swimming pools, theaters, convention halls and cooling towers. 

• Examples of different types of Shell Roofs designed by Leonhardt, Andrä and Partners

      Designing a cable-net structure is a challenge for the engineer.  As the boundary conditions and the sag of ropes and cable in these structures can be freely chosen, many shapes are possible.

      The final shape is usually determined by models.  The analysis of forces for the dimensioning of ropes and cables is rather simple.   The amount of prestressing depends on the required stiffness against loads, mainly against wind and snow loads.  The difficult part is the calculation of the exact lengths of the ropes for fabrication and here modern computer programs are most helpful.

• Examples of different types of Cable-Net Structures designed by Leonhardt, Andrä and Partners

      Unlike the United States, Germany has only a few high-rise buildings.  Some of them have interesting design details and construction procedures, developed by Leonhardt, Andrä and Partners.

• Examples of different types of High-Rise Buildings designed by Leonhardt, Andrä and Partners